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Objaśnienie:Czy macie menu po angielsku?: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami

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== Buckwheat with Cocks Sauce ==
== Kasza z sosem kurkowym ==
[[File:Cocks's Reading Sauce.jpg|thumb|upright|Cocks's Reading Sauce advertisement]]
[[File:Cocks's Reading Sauce.jpg|thumb|upright|Reklama sosu Cocks's Reading]]
This one sounds intriguing, doesn't it? Some older folks in England might remember Cocks's Reading Sauce. And no, it wasn't used to make reading about cocks more enjoyable. It was a brand of fish sauce produced in the Berkshire town of Reading by a fishmonger whose name was James Cocks (and his heirs after him). First marketed in 1802, it was made from fermented anchovies, walnut ketchup, mushroom ketchup, soy sauce, salt, garlic and chilli peppers<ref>{{Cyt  
Jako dodatek do dania z kurczaka proponuję kaszę gryczaną z sosem kurkowym. Także tutaj wkradł się błąd w tłumaczeniu. W angielskiej wersji menu, którą sam widziałem kiedyś na własne oczy w pewnej przydrożnej gospodzie, było to '''''„buckwheat with cocks sauce”''''', co można by różnie rozumieć, ale zawsze opacznie.
 
Starsi Anglicy mogliby skojarzyć tak nazwany kondyment z sosem o nazwie Cocks's Reading Sauce. Nie był to, wbrew pozorom, dodatek mający uprzyjemnić czytanie (''reading'') o kogutach (''cocks''), tylko sos rybny oryginalnie produkowany przez człowieka o nazwisku James Cocks (a później przez jego spadkobierców) w miasteczku Reading (czytaj: „redyn”, nie „ridyn”) w hrabstwie Berkshire. Po raz pierwszy ów sos pojawił się w sklepach w 1802 r. Wyrabiano go ze sfermentowanych sardeli z dodatkiem keczupu z orzechów włoskich, keczupu grzybowego, sosu sojowego, soli, czosnku i ostrej papryczki<ref>{{Cyt  
   | nazwisko r      = Corley
   | nazwisko r      = Corley
   | imię r          = T.A.B.
   | imię r          = T.A.B.
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  | wolumin  = 70
  | wolumin  = 70
  | strony  = 101
  | strony  = 101
  }}</ref> (see [[Ketchup vs Mustard#Ketchup, “Something Akin to Kabul”|my older post]] for more about the intertwined histories of ketchup and fish sauce). It was soon followed by and for decades competed with similar sauces, also sold in small bottles with orange labels, like the now more famous Worcestershire sauce. But eventually, the production of Reading sauce ended in 1962.<ref>{{Cyt  
  }}</ref> (zobacz [[Keczup czy musztarda?#Keczup – „coś w rodzaju kabulu”|mój dawniejszy wpis]] na temat wspólnej historii keczupu i sosu rybnego). Wkrótce na rynku pojawiły się podobne sosy, również w buteleczkach z pomarańczową etykietką, takie jak bardziej dziś znany sos Worcestershire (czytaj: łusty-szer), z którym wyrób Cocksa musiał przez dziesięciolecia toczyć walkę o klienta. Ostatecznie walkę tę przegrał w 1962 r., kiedy to zaprzestano produkcji sosu z Reading.<ref>{{Cyt  
  | nazwisko = Hughes
  | nazwisko = Hughes
  | imię    = Glyn  
  | imię    = Glyn  
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   | rozdział        = Reading Sauce
   | rozdział        = Reading Sauce
   | adres rozdziału = http://www.foodsofengland.co.uk/readingsauce.htm
   | adres rozdziału = http://www.foodsofengland.co.uk/readingsauce.htm
  }}</ref> So it's unlikely that this is the sauce that was meant by the menu I once saw in a Polish roadside inn. Besides, while Cocks's condiment was advertised to go well with "game, wild fowl, hashes, rump steaks and cold meat",<ref>{{Cyt  
  }}</ref> Chociaż reklamowano go jak doskonały dodatek do „dziczyzny, dzikiego ptactwa, siekanek, rumsztyków i wędlin”,<ref>{{Cyt  
  | nazwisko = Hylton
  | nazwisko = Hylton
  | imię    = Stuart  
  | imię    = Stuart  
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  | wydawca  = Amberley Publishing Limited
  | wydawca  = Amberley Publishing Limited
  | rok      = 2017
  | rok      = 2017
  }}, illustration</ref> it was never known to be put on heaps of boiled buckwheat.  
  }}, ilustracja</ref> to nie wiadomo nic o tym, by kiedykolwiek polewano nim kaszę.


Back to square one then. A better explanation would be that the "cocks sauce" in the menu was a result of mistranslation. The English word "cocks" has multiple meanings and so do the Polish terms ''"kury"'' and ''"kurki"'' (pronounced: {{pron|koo|Rih}}, {{pron|kooR|kee}}). The primary meaning of "cocks" is "male domestic fowl", also known as "cockerels" or "roosters". In modern Polish, ''"kury"'' refers to hens, but a few centuries ago it meant "roosters" instead. So was the sauce made from the meat of cockerels? Well, no.
Back to square one then. A better explanation would be that the "cocks sauce" in the menu was a result of mistranslation. The English word "cocks" has multiple meanings and so do the Polish terms ''"kury"'' and ''"kurki"'' (pronounced: {{pron|koo|Rih}}, {{pron|kooR|kee}}). The primary meaning of "cocks" is "male domestic fowl", also known as "cockerels" or "roosters". In modern Polish, ''"kury"'' refers to hens, but a few centuries ago it meant "roosters" instead. So was the sauce made from the meat of cockerels? Well, no.


[[File:Kurki.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Kurki:'' which could they mean?]]
[[File:Kurki.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Które kurki autor jadłospisu mógł mieć na myśli?]]
Among the many different meanings of the English "cock", the vulgar term for the male member is particularly well known. The rooster has been a symbol of male virility in many cultures. Among Slavic languages, Bulgarian makes the same association, with ''"kur"'' referring to both the cocky bird and a man's cock (''"patka"'' – literally, "duck" – is another vulgar Bulgarian word for the latter, which makes Bulgarians laugh every time they hear ''"kuropatka"'' – which means "partridge" in Russian and "cock-dick" in Bulgarian; gotta love these Slavic false friends). ''"Kur"'' also gave rise to the vulgar word for a prostitute (a woman whose job involves handling penes) in all Slavic languages, including Polish. But I digress; the sauce definitely wasn't made from phalli!
Among the many different meanings of the English "cock", the vulgar term for the male member is particularly well known. The rooster has been a symbol of male virility in many cultures. Among Slavic languages, Bulgarian makes the same association, with ''"kur"'' referring to both the cocky bird and a man's cock (''"patka"'' – literally, "duck" – is another vulgar Bulgarian word for the latter, which makes Bulgarians laugh every time they hear ''"kuropatka"'' – which means "partridge" in Russian and "cock-dick" in Bulgarian; gotta love these Slavic false friends). ''"Kur"'' also gave rise to the vulgar word for a prostitute (a woman whose job involves handling penes) in all Slavic languages, including Polish. But I digress; the sauce definitely wasn't made from phalli!


Źródło: „http://zwidelcemwsrodksiazek.pl/index.php/Objaśnienie:Czy_macie_menu_po_angielsku%3F”